Shiva represents the power of destruction. But as the old has to be destroyed to give rise to the new, he is also seen by his followers as the lord of creation. One of the greatest Hindu deities, he is given a range of titles which include Maha-deva (great god), Maha-yogi (great ascetic), Nata-raja (lord of the Dance). Shiva has over 100 names, including Shankar and Shambhu. He is also known as the 'Blue-throated'. This title arises from a story in the Hindu scriptures which recounts how he drank the poison which would otherwise have destroyed the world. His name means 'auspicious' or 'kindly' and this should be kept in mind in any interpretation of the symbols associated with him. Shiva is the destroyer of our illusion and ignorance that stands in the way of our perfect union and enlightenment.
Shiva's consort (wife or partner) may take several forms and these reflect the different aspects of his character and qualities. Parvati reflects the gentle aspects whereas Durga and, even more so, the mysterious goddess Kali, reflect the fiercer elements. Ganesha, the god depicted with an elephant's head and a human body, is one of Shiva and Parvati's sons.
His most characteristic weapon is the trident, a reminder of his role in the whole process of creation, preservation and destruction. It may also reflect the three qualities of goodness, passion and darkness which are in all things in different proportions.
Another typical feature of images of Shiva is his third eye which represents both spiritual insight and the ability to burn up anything which may hinder such insight.
The three horizontal lines on his forehead have been interpreted as representing the three sources of light - fire, sun and moon; or his ability to see the past, present and future. The three lines may also, as with the trident, represent the three qualities of goodness, passion and darkness.Shiva is also typically depicted with snakes around his neck or across his body. The snake may represent the evolutionary power within the human body, the spiritual power which may developed through yoga and also Shiva's power to deal with death. Rosaries show his mastery of the spiritual sciences.
He is frequently depicted sitting on a tiger skin, the symbol of the cruel forces of nature, over which he is lord. Shiva's vehicle is Nandin a white bull which represents strength and fertility. As the bull is ridden by Shiva, it shows the god's control over these powers. In this image he sits in meditative pose reflecting peace and perfect inner harmony.
